What is Valvar cancer ? What are the symptoms and measures
Vulvar cancer is also known as vulvar cancer. It is a relatively rare type of cancer that grows on the external genitals of women. The vulva is the area that surrounds the urethra and the vagina, including the clitoris and the lips of the skin. It consists of the inner and outer lips of the vagina, clitoris, and the opening of the vagina and glands near the vaginal opening. Cancer usually occurs in the external vaginallippen and accounts for about 0.6% of all cancers in women.
However, cancer can also affect other parts of the vulva, especially if it spreads. The tumor develops slowly, initially infecting the vulva's healthy skin cells around the vulva as an intraepithelial neoplasm. This causes a bump or a wound on the vulva, the itching caused and is usually diagnosed in older women.
Vulva cancer can be easily diagnosed and immediate medical treatment at an early stage can help treat cancer. Lack of treatment can cause abnormal cells to cancer.
The disease is divided into five main categories.
It is the most common type of vulvar cancer and affects the first cell of the skin. About 90 percent of vulvar cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. It affects the outer and flat layers of the skin of the symptoms and takes several years to complete. Some cases of squamous cell carcinoma have been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), which occurs mainly in younger women.
About 10 percent of Vulvakrebserkrankungen is vulvar melanoma. It develops as a dark spot, as a discoloration of the skin, and is the second most common type of vulvar cancer. It has been reported mainly in Caucasian women between the ages of 50 and 80. It can also affect young women and is divided into three types: superficial extension, acral and nodular melanoma. Melanoma has a high risk of spreading to other parts of the body.
Start in the bone, connective tissue, or bone. Sarcomas are usually malignant and can develop at any age (even in childhood).
This type is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. It appears like a wart and gradually develops over time.
It develops in the glandular tissue and causes a very small percentage of vulvar cancer.
The first sign of the onset of cancer caused an itching, irritation, or bleeding knot.
Warts like growths
Abnormal vaginal bleeding or sensitivity
Pain and burning
Painful sexual relationships
Painful urination
Persistent itching in the vulva area.
Rudeness and sensitivity
Dark discoloration in melanoma
ulceration
Thick skin
Normally, cancer occurs when the body cannot control cell growth. Mutations in DNA cause the cell to grow and divide rapidly. These cells form a cancerous tumor that can spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer can spread for two reasons when a cancer cell moves through the body using blood or the lymphatic system and destroys healthy tissue. It can also occur when a cancerous cell can move through the body through blood or the lymphatic system and destroy healthy tissues.
Although the cause of the cancer is uncertain, the following factors may increase the likelihood of developing a vulvar tumor.
Age: more than half of women diagnosed with vulvar cancer are over 70 years old.
Intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva (VIN): this is a type of precancerous condition in which some cells of the vulvar epithelium have low carcinoma levels. Women with VIN have a greater chance of contracting the vulva.
women infected with HPV are increasingly subject to the development of vulvar cancer.
The other main risk factors for the development of vulvar cancer are:
Having a skin condition that can affect the vulva, such as lichen planus melanoma
Sexually transmitted infections (STI)
smoke
kidney transplant
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Systemic lupus erythematosus
psoriasis
radiotherapy
Weak immune system
A history of precancerous conditions of the vulva.
With a history of genital warts.
To understand the extent of your condition, the doctor first checks your general health. He/she will examine your daily habits, lifestyle, and medical history. So your doctor will examine your vulva for lumps or unusual circumstances.
A colposcopy is performed with a special enlarger to examine the vulva. The magnifying glass helps determine the possible growth of anomalies.
A cystoscopy is performed to examine the bladder and see if the tumor has spread to this area.
A proctoscopy is performed to examine the rectum and see if the tumor has spread to the wall of the rectum.
The diagnosis may also include image scans that help the doctor determine if cancer has spread and, if so, where to go. An MRI or TC scan is used. An X-ray can also be used to check if cancer has reached the lungs.
If the diagnosis and subsequent biopsy confirmed the presence of vulvar cancer, the doctor will use imaging to develop cancer. Help the doctor classify the severity of the tumor and help develop an appropriate treatment plan for you.
The position of the primitive tumor, the spread of cancer in the adjacent lymph nodes, and the size and number of tumors are the factors that influence staging.
Vulvar carcinoma is carried on stage from 0 to 4 and in the highest stage, the condition is more severe.
Stage 0: refers to very early cancer, which is limited to the surface of the vulva's skin.
Stage 1: the tumor is limited to the vulva or perineum (area of the skin between the vaginal opening and the anus). Its dimensions are up to 2 centimeters.
Phase 2: cancer spreads from the vulva to nearby structures. And it hit the lower parts of the urethra, vagina, and anus.
Step 3: the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes.
Stage 4A: the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes and upper parts of the urethra. At this point, the bladder, rectum, or pelvic bone are affected.
Step 4B: cancer has spread to distant organs and lymph nodes.
The stage and severity of cancer determine the treatment plan. The four main treatment methods used in treating vulvar cancer are listed below.
It is the main treatment for vulvar cancer treatment. Helps eliminate cancer without causing problems in sexual function. In the initial phase, limited surgery helps get rid of the tumor. However, in the later stages, when the tumor has spread to adjacent organs such as the urethra or rectum, extensive surgery is required.
Laser surgery which h the laser beam is used as a knife to eliminate injuries. Excision is where the surgeon tries to remove all cancer and surrounding tissue. Vulvectomy skin, in which the surgeon removes the top layer of the skin with cancer. Radical vulvectomy in which the surgeon removes the entire vulva (including the clitoris, lips, vaginal opening, and adjacent lymph nodes).
This helps reduce injuries or deep tumors before surgery, so it's easier to remove. Use high-energy energy bundles, such as X-rays and protons, to kill cancer cells. It also helps relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.
The aggressive form of drug therapy helps slow the growth of cancer cells and prevents the spread of cells. Chemotherapy is used when the tumor is more advanced and spreads to other organs of the body. It is often combined with radiation therapy to reduce large vulvar cancers.
It is a form of immunotherapy and uses synthetic or natural substances that help the body fight cancer.
You can reduce the risk of developing the disease by following these steps.
Practice safe sex
Limitation of the number of sexual partners.
After vaccination against HPV
Participation in programmed cervical
crawling tests.
Not smoking
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However, cancer can also affect other parts of the vulva, especially if it spreads. The tumor develops slowly, initially infecting the vulva's healthy skin cells around the vulva as an intraepithelial neoplasm. This causes a bump or a wound on the vulva, the itching caused and is usually diagnosed in older women.
Vulva cancer can be easily diagnosed and immediate medical treatment at an early stage can help treat cancer. Lack of treatment can cause abnormal cells to cancer.
Types of vulvar cancer
The disease is divided into five main categories.
1. Squamous cell carcinoma
It is the most common type of vulvar cancer and affects the first cell of the skin. About 90 percent of vulvar cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. It affects the outer and flat layers of the skin of the symptoms and takes several years to complete. Some cases of squamous cell carcinoma have been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), which occurs mainly in younger women.
2. vulvar melanoma
About 10 percent of Vulvakrebserkrankungen is vulvar melanoma. It develops as a dark spot, as a discoloration of the skin, and is the second most common type of vulvar cancer. It has been reported mainly in Caucasian women between the ages of 50 and 80. It can also affect young women and is divided into three types: superficial extension, acral and nodular melanoma. Melanoma has a high risk of spreading to other parts of the body.
3. Sarcoma
Start in the bone, connective tissue, or bone. Sarcomas are usually malignant and can develop at any age (even in childhood).
4. Verrucous carcinoma
This type is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. It appears like a wart and gradually develops over time.
5. adenocarcinoma
It develops in the glandular tissue and causes a very small percentage of vulvar cancer.
Symptoms of carcinoma of the vulva
The first sign of the onset of cancer caused an itching, irritation, or bleeding knot.
The most common symptoms of cancer are:
Warts like growths
Abnormal vaginal bleeding or sensitivity
Pain and burning
Painful sexual relationships
Painful urination
Persistent itching in the vulva area.
Rudeness and sensitivity
Dark discoloration in melanoma
ulceration
Thick skin
Causes of vulvar cancer
Normally, cancer occurs when the body cannot control cell growth. Mutations in DNA cause the cell to grow and divide rapidly. These cells form a cancerous tumor that can spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer can spread for two reasons when a cancer cell moves through the body using blood or the lymphatic system and destroys healthy tissue. It can also occur when a cancerous cell can move through the body through blood or the lymphatic system and destroy healthy tissues.
Risk factors of vulvar cancer.
Although the cause of the cancer is uncertain, the following factors may increase the likelihood of developing a vulvar tumor.
Age: more than half of women diagnosed with vulvar cancer are over 70 years old.
Intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva (VIN): this is a type of precancerous condition in which some cells of the vulvar epithelium have low carcinoma levels. Women with VIN have a greater chance of contracting the vulva.
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV):
women infected with HPV are increasingly subject to the development of vulvar cancer.
The other main risk factors for the development of vulvar cancer are:
Having a skin condition that can affect the vulva, such as lichen planus melanoma
Sexually transmitted infections (STI)
smoke
kidney transplant
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Systemic lupus erythematosus
psoriasis
radiotherapy
Weak immune system
A history of precancerous conditions of the vulva.
With a history of genital warts.
Vulvar cancer diagnosis
To understand the extent of your condition, the doctor first checks your general health. He/she will examine your daily habits, lifestyle, and medical history. So your doctor will examine your vulva for lumps or unusual circumstances.
A colposcopy is performed with a special enlarger to examine the vulva. The magnifying glass helps determine the possible growth of anomalies.
A cystoscopy is performed to examine the bladder and see if the tumor has spread to this area.
A proctoscopy is performed to examine the rectum and see if the tumor has spread to the wall of the rectum.
The diagnosis may also include image scans that help the doctor determine if cancer has spread and, if so, where to go. An MRI or TC scan is used. An X-ray can also be used to check if cancer has reached the lungs.
Staging of vulvar cancer
If the diagnosis and subsequent biopsy confirmed the presence of vulvar cancer, the doctor will use imaging to develop cancer. Help the doctor classify the severity of the tumor and help develop an appropriate treatment plan for you.
The position of the primitive tumor, the spread of cancer in the adjacent lymph nodes, and the size and number of tumors are the factors that influence staging.
Vulvar carcinoma is carried on stage from 0 to 4 and in the highest stage, the condition is more severe.
Stage 0: refers to very early cancer, which is limited to the surface of the vulva's skin.
Stage 1: the tumor is limited to the vulva or perineum (area of the skin between the vaginal opening and the anus). Its dimensions are up to 2 centimeters.
Phase 2: cancer spreads from the vulva to nearby structures. And it hit the lower parts of the urethra, vagina, and anus.
Step 3: the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes.
Stage 4A: the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes and upper parts of the urethra. At this point, the bladder, rectum, or pelvic bone are affected.
Step 4B: cancer has spread to distant organs and lymph nodes.
Treatments for vulvar cancer.
The stage and severity of cancer determine the treatment plan. The four main treatment methods used in treating vulvar cancer are listed below.
1. surgery
It is the main treatment for vulvar cancer treatment. Helps eliminate cancer without causing problems in sexual function. In the initial phase, limited surgery helps get rid of the tumor. However, in the later stages, when the tumor has spread to adjacent organs such as the urethra or rectum, extensive surgery is required.
The operations are as follows:
Laser surgery which h the laser beam is used as a knife to eliminate injuries. Excision is where the surgeon tries to remove all cancer and surrounding tissue. Vulvectomy skin, in which the surgeon removes the top layer of the skin with cancer. Radical vulvectomy in which the surgeon removes the entire vulva (including the clitoris, lips, vaginal opening, and adjacent lymph nodes).
2. radiotherapy
This helps reduce injuries or deep tumors before surgery, so it's easier to remove. Use high-energy energy bundles, such as X-rays and protons, to kill cancer cells. It also helps relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.
3. chemotherapy
The aggressive form of drug therapy helps slow the growth of cancer cells and prevents the spread of cells. Chemotherapy is used when the tumor is more advanced and spreads to other organs of the body. It is often combined with radiation therapy to reduce large vulvar cancers.
4. Biological therapy
It is a form of immunotherapy and uses synthetic or natural substances that help the body fight cancer.
Prevention of vulvar cancer.
You can reduce the risk of developing the disease by following these steps.
Practice safe sex
Limitation of the number of sexual partners.
After vaccination against HPV
Participation in programmed cervical
crawling tests.
Not smoking
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